Other ressources:

I. Financial Metaverse : tokens, derivatives and other synthetic assets

Note 1 : Jaron Lanier, DIGITAL MAOISM: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism, Edge.org, 2006

Note 2 : Jaron Lanier, DIGITAL MAOISM: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism, Edge.org, 2006

Note 3 : Cade Metz, Why WhatsApp Only Needs 50 Engineers for Its 900M Users, Wired, 15th Sep 2015

Note 4 : Greg Milner, Death by GPS, Ars Technica, 3rd May 2016

II. Market Finance

Note 5 : MacLeod & Rubenstein, Universals, the Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2006

Note 6 : 1884 case Irvin v. Willar

Note 7 : C. D’Anastasio, Gaming Giant Unity Wants to Digitally Clone the World, Wired, 18th Jan 2022

Note 8 : D. Lasarte, A nickel-trading scam targeting JPMorgan is raising fresh questions about the London Metal Exchange, Quartz, 21 mar 2023

Note 9 : ISDA Status of Netting Legislation

Note 11 : Lisa Abramowicz, Junk-bond exchange traded funds have outsize influence on market, Bloomberg Opinion, 23/9/2016

III. Synthetic assets play a standardisation role

Note 12 : Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1333/2011 of 19 December 2011 laying down marketing standards for bananas

Note 13 : Rules of Council Regulations (EC) No 2200/96, (EC) No 2201/96 and (EC) No 1182/2007 in the fruit and vegetable sector as regards marketing standards

Note 14 : NATO definition of Standardization

Note 15 : Greenfield, P., Revealed: more than 90% of rainforest carbon offsets by biggest certifier are worthless, analysis shows, the Guardian, 18th January 2023

Note 16 : Greenfield, P., Revealed: more than 90% of rainforest carbon offsets by biggest certifier are worthless, analysis shows, the Guardian, 18th January 2023

Note 17 : Sylvera response to The Guardian’s Analysis of Rainforest Offsets

Note 18 : C. Hodgson, Companies used carbon credits created in oil extraction projects, FT, 17th Apr 2022

Note 19 : Heidi Blake, The great cash-for-carbon hustle, The New-Yorker, October 2023

Note 21 : ISDA Status of Netting Legislation

IV. The economics of financial infrastructure 91

Note 22 : G. Finch and L. Vaughan, The Man Who Invented the World’s Most Important Number, Bloomberg, 29th Nov 2016

Note 23 : Rocket Motors for First NASA Artemis Moon Mission Arrive at Spaceport

Note 24 : The NASA Railroad

Note 25 : The ISDA Credit derivatives determination committees

V. The motivations of synthetic assets

Note 27 : Matt Levine, Orphan CDS, Bloomberg Money Stuff, 01/05/2018

Note 28 : the McClatchy 8-K form

Note 29 : C. Boston and E. Roanalds-Hannon, Neiman Marcus Struck ‘Devil's Bargain’ With CDS Traders, Fund Says, Bloomberg, 4th March 2019

Note 30 : Marble Ridge Capital LP, a value-oriented distressed debt investment firm, today reported that it has sent the following letter to the Board of Directors of the Neiman Marcus Group Ltd LLC

Note 31 : The Essex Boys : How Nine Traders Hit a Gusher With Negative Oil, Bloomberg, 10/12/2020

Note 34 : MISH INTERNATIONAL MONETARY INC versus VEGA CAPITAL

Note 35 : The economist explains what is crude oil

Note 37 : D. Sheppard and A. Raval, Fight to keep oil’s Brent benchmark fit for purpose

Note 38 : Brent Benchmark Complex: Evolving necessity

Note 39 : D. Sheppard and A. Raval, Fight to keep oil’s Brent benchmark fit for purpose

Note 40 : The Oxford Institute for energy studies, The Future of the Brent Oil Benchmark : A Radical Makeover

Note 41 : Matt Levine, 8 May 2020, Bloomberg Money Stuff

Note 42 : Matt Levine, There is nowhere to put the oil, Bloomberg Money Stuff, 20/04/2020

Note 44 : Jack Farchy, The 18 Minutes of Trading Chaos That Broke the Nickel Market, Bloomberg, 14/03/2022

Note 45 : Farchy, Jack, From VW to JPMorgan, the Unlikely Cast Behind Nickel’s Big Squeeze, Bloomberg, 30/03/2022

Note 46 : Farchy, Jack, From VW to JPMorgan, the Unlikely Cast Behind Nickel’s Big Squeeze, Bloomberg, 30/03/2022

Note 47 : Farchy, Jack, From VW to JPMorgan, the Unlikely Cast Behind Nickel’s Big Squeeze, Bloomberg, 30/03/2022

Note 48 : Nickel Metal Profile

Note 50 : Jack Farchy, The 18 Minutes of Trading Chaos That Broke the Nickel Market, Bloomberg, 14/03/2022

Note 51 : Simon Clow, The International Nickel Trade, Woodhead Publishing”, quoted by Andy Home, Column-Nickel, the devil’s metal with a history of bad behaviour, Reuters, 10/03/2022

Note 52 : Andy Home, Column-Nickel, the devil’s metal with a history of bad behaviour, Reuters, 10/03/2022

Note 55 : Mark Burton and Jack Farchy, LME Considers New Nickel Contract to Tap Electric Cars Boom, Bloomberg, Oct 2017

Note 56 : Andy Home, Column-Nickel, the devil’s metal with a history of bad behaviour, Reuters, 10/03/2022

Note 57 : Eramet no longer sees LME as benchmark for ferronickel

Note 60 : Mourselas Costas, March 2022, Wrong-way add-on helped LCH mop up VTB default, Risk Magazine

VI. Convention for valuation

Note 59 : Financial singularity: is it a mirage?

Note 60 : “It is official : Passive Funds Overtake Active Funds”, Morningstar.com, 17 Jan 2024

Note 61 : Crise financière et crise sanitaire : deux cas de panique épistémique

Conclusion

Note 63 : Chancellor: Beware the hyperreal financial market